In a circular economy, manufacturers design products to be reusable. For example, electrical devices are designed in such a way that they are easier to repair. Products and raw materials are also reused as much as possible. For example, by recycling plastic into pellets for making new plastic products. In a circular economy, we treat our surroundings responsibly. For example, by preventing litter on streets or in the natural environment. The emerging circular economy (CE) paradigm is expected to transform the relationships between ecological and economic systems. This paradigm argues for an economic system in which reductions in resource use and the mitigation of environmental impacts play a dominant role. To plan for a reduction in resource use, a radically different organisation of production and consumption patterns is required. 

It is not just a matter of recycling plastic bottles before they create plastic islands in the oceans, but instead questioning…